I’m pretty sure the images are both trebuchets. The one on the left is still using only counterweights to provide energy.

Yes, we had this ability all the way back in 2012 on the Galaxy S3, which had NFC and Wireless Charging built in to a user replaceable battery pack. It was available on many phones in that era and could easily be brought back if we gave up some “thinness” that we have now.